Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): Prevention & Biosecurity

Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, is a highly infectious viral disease affecting poultry, captive birds and wild birds. Outbreaks can have serious consequences for bird health, poultry businesses and organisations responsible for keeping birds.

In the UK, Defra and the relevant devolved authorities monitor bird flu and introduce control measures when necessary. These may include movement restrictions, enhanced biosecurity and mandatory housing requirements.

What Is an Avian Influenza Prevention Zone?

An Avian Influenza Prevention Zone (AIPZ) may be introduced when the risk of bird flu spreading increases. Measures depend on the current risk assessment and may differ across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Restrictions can change, so always check the latest government bird flu guidance.

Who Can Be Affected?

Avian influenza restrictions can affect businesses and individuals responsible for poultry or captive birds, including:

• Commercial poultry farms and egg producers
• Private and backyard poultry keepers
• Game bird breeders and rearers
• Zoos and wildlife collections
• Falconers and falconry centres
• Pet shops and bird breeders
• Poultry transport and processing businesses

How Does Avian Influenza Spread?

Bird flu can spread through infected birds, their droppings and contaminated environments. Wild birds may introduce the virus into areas where poultry or captive birds are kept.

Contaminated footwear, equipment, vehicles, feed and water can also contribute to transmission. Some infected birds may show no obvious symptoms.

Preventing Bird Flu Through Biosecurity

Good biosecurity helps reduce the risk of infection entering or spreading within premises where birds are kept. Important measures include:

• Preventing contact between captive and wild birds
• Protecting feed and drinking water
• Cleaning and disinfecting equipment and footwear
• Controlling access to bird housing areas
• Maintaining clean housing and surroundings
• Monitoring birds for signs of illness
• Following current government restrictions

Read the official bird flu prevention guidance for further advice.

Recognising and Reporting Bird Flu

Symptoms in poultry and captive birds may include sudden death, breathing difficulties, reduced egg production, lethargy and loss of appetite. Some birds may show few or no symptoms.

Avian influenza is a notifiable disease in poultry and other captive birds. Suspected cases must be reported immediately to the relevant animal health authority.

Visit the government website for reporting information and current requirements.